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Course Outline
Introduction
- quick history of GNU/Linux
- licensing
- kernel versioning
- release cycle
- kernel trees
- mainline
- kernel vs. user space
- mechanism vs. policy
- kernel driver alternatives
- RTOS vs. Linux
Memory Management
- Virtual memory vs. physical memory
- memory allocation in kernel
- pages
- zones
- API
- slab
Kernel Patch
- life cycle
- git
- kernel source
- create patch
- check patch
- fix patch
- ship patch
- audited code
Kernel Modules
- get kernel sources
- configure/build/install
- device drivers (statically linked, loaded at runtime)
- init/exit
- licensing
- EXPORT SYMBOL GPL
- out of tree makefile
- module-init-tools
- module in kernel tree
- Kconfig
- parameter passing
- sparse
Char Drivers
- architecture
- user/kernel interface
- I/O subsystem
- VFS
- sysfs (devices, bus, drivers, classes),
- kobject/ktype/kset
- linux kernel driver model
- device files
- char driver
- initialization
- registration
- open, release
- cdev, cdev add, cdev del,...
- major/minor numbers
- udev, udevmonitor, udevadm
Advanced Charachter Driver Operations
- ioctl
- unlocked ioctl
- compat ioctl
- user space API
- kernel space API
- process lifecycle
- sleeping/blocking
- sleeping/waking up
- wait queue
- thundering herd
- poll/select
Kernel Debugging
- bug
- debugging
- debugging the kernel
- binary search with git
- debug support from kernel
- printk syslogd, klogd, loglevels, rate limit, debug levels, debug selective subsystems
- debugging by querying debugfs
- oops debugging, asserting oops
- Magic SysRq Key
- kgdb/kdb
- JTAG
Tracing
- gcov
- lcov
- oprofile
- ftrace
- nop tracer
- function tracer
- sched switch tracer
- function graph tracer
- dynamic tracer
- trace-cmd/kernelshark
- perf
- LTTng
Interrupts
- interrupts vs. polling
- interrupt
- program sections
- reentrancy
- events
- interrupt handler
- shared interrupt handler
- interrupt flow
- interrupt control
Deferring Work
- top/bottom halves
- softirqs
- tasklets
- work queues
- threaded interrrupts
Concurrency
- critical region/section
- atomic
- race condition
- synchronization
- locking
- locking solutions
- deadlock
- contention
- what to lock?
- what can be used?
- atomic operations
- spin locks
- reader-writer spin locks
- semaphore
- binary semaphore
- mutex
- reader-writer semaphore
- completion variables
- sequential locks
- disable preemption
- orderig and barriers
Time
- HZ
- Jiffies
- big/small delays
- kernel timers
Hardware I/O
- I/O Ports
- I/O Memory
- How to deal with side effects accessing registers?
User-Kernel Communication
- put(get)_user()
- copy to(from)_user()
- Kernel I/O
- memory mapping
- procfs
- sysfs
- debugfs
- relayfs
- netlink
- ioctl
Portability
- word size
- opaque types
- signed/unsigned char
- data alignment
- integral promotion
- code reuse
- endianess
- system tick
- page size
- instruction ordering
- SMP/preemption/high memory
Except where otherwise noted content and this course outline are licensed under Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0).
Requirements
- Basic familiarity with using a GNU/Linux system as an end user
- Basic familiarity with a command line shell
- Basic knowledge of user space / application development
- Intermediate C programming knowledge
- Should have attended Embedded GNU/Linux Systems Architecture before (strongly recommended!) and/or have a good understanding of the topics outlined there
35 Hours
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